>inactivated, voltage gated, Na+channels
Friday, May 24, 2019
How does the blood pressure changes on administration of procaine
>decreases due to the blockade of the sympathetic ganglia
What effect is observed for resorb effect of procaine
>in high doses - a violation of neuromuscular transmission
Thursday, May 23, 2019
Tolerance and drug resistance can be a consequence of
>change in receptors, loss of them or exhaustion of mediators
A hydrophilic medicinal agent has the following property
>low ability to penetrate through the cell membrane lipids
Which of the following is typical for hydrophilic drug substances
>low ability to penetrate through lipid layers of cell membranes
To calculate the volume of drug distribution need to know
>the concentration of a substance in the plasma
The intensity of passive diffusion of drug substances through the cell membrane is determined by
>degree of substance lipophilicity, concentration gradient
Primary mechanism by which norepinephrine acutely increases BP
>vasoconstriction at precapillary resistance muscles and veins
Pralidoxime chloride is a drug that
>reactivates cholinesterases that have been inhibited by organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors
What is desirable effects of delivery of parasympatholytic agents
>decreased bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation
Therapeutic index (TI) is
>a ratio used to evaluate the safety and usefulness of a drug for indication
The term “chemical antagonism” means that
>two drugs combine with one another to form an inactive compound
Therapeutic index (TI) is
>a ratio used to evaluate the safety and usefulness of a drug for indication
Give the definition for a therapeutical dose
>the amount of a substance to produce the required effect in most patients
Pick out the correct definition of a toxic dose
>the amount of substance to produce effects hazardous for an organism
A competitive antagonist is a substance that
>binds to the same receptor site and progressively inhibits the agonist response
Mutagenic action of drugs is
>damage of the genetic apparatus leading to a change in the genotype of the offspring
A competitive antagonist is a substance that
>binds to the same receptor site and progressively inhibits the agonist response
Monday, May 20, 2019
The volume of distribution (Vd) relates
>the amount of a drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma
Systemic clearance (CLs) is related with
>volume of distribution, half life and elimination rate constant
What is characteristic of the oral route
>absorption depends on GI tract secretion and motor function
What is metabolic transformation (phase 1)
>transformation of substance due to oxidation, restoration and hydrolysis
The concept of "bioavailability" is
>the amount of unchanged substance in blood plasma relative to the initial dose
The concept of "renal clearance" is
>the clearance rate of substance from a specific volume of plasma (blood) per unit of time
The concept of "presystemic elimination" is
>remove of substance until it enters to systemic circulation
"The elimination half-life" is
>the reduction time of substance content in the plasma by 50% of administered amount
The term "bioavailability" means
>amount of unchanged substance in plasma relative to administered dose
Pharmacokinetics studies
>patterns of absorption, distribution, transformation and excretion of drugs
What is meant by the term presystemic (first pass) elimination
>loss of part of drug at the first passage through the liver
Biotransformation is
>physico-chemical and biochemical transformation complexes of substance in the organism
What is presystemic (first pass) metabolism
>changing substance concentration after first pass of drug through liver
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unpredictable, inherent, qualitatively abnormal reaction to a drug